ANNEALING
(300 - 2250°F)
The
purpose for this treatment is to remove stresses or soften the material
for improved machinability or formability, or alter the physical or
mechanical properties, or produce a defined structure, or produce a
solid-solution for subsequent age-hardening or precipitation-hardening.
Process Anneal: (500 - 1400°F)
Subcritical Anneal: (500 - 1400°F)
Intercritical Anneal: (1335 - 1600°F)
Intermediate Anneal: (500 - 1400°F)
Recovery Anneal: (300 - 1000°F)
Recrystallization Anneal: (330 - 1450°F)
Isothermal Anneal: (1300 - 1650°F)
Spheroidize Anneal: (1200 - 1400°F)
Full Anneal: (650 - 1650°F)
Solution Anneal: (900 - 2250°F)
TEMPERING (350 - 1250°F)
Tempering usually follows a quenching operation. This treatment
is generally considered effective in relieving stresses induced by quenching
in addition to lowering hardness to within a specified range, or meeting
certain mechanical property requirements.
STRESS
RELIEVING (300 - 1400°F)
Thermal Stress Relieving is generally applied to metallic
materials that have been cold-worked, machined, flame-cut, or weld-fabricated
to reduce residual stresses for dimensional stability or reduced risk
of premature service failure.
ASME Section I: (900 - 1300°F)
ASME Section VIII: (900 - 1300°F)
AWS D1.1: (900 - 1200°F)
Westinghouse 83030QA: (1175°F ± 25°F)
General Electric P8A-AG1, P10G-AL-0003 & -0004:
(1125 - 1275°F, 1125 - 1200°F, and 1250 - 1300°F)
Standard Stress Relieve: (1100 - 1200°F)
Low Temperature Stress Relieve: (325 - 775°F)
NORMALIZING (1600 - 1800°F)
Normalizing is generally applied to enhance the uniformity
of the material microstructure by refining the grain size. This treatment
will in some instances improve machinability and machine finish. This
treatment is sometimes used as precursor to subsequent surface hardening
to improve response to hardening, or to provide a desirable base substrate
hardness.
HARDENING (up to 2250°F)
Hardening via water-quench, oil-quench, forced-
or still-air quench, or aging results in improved mechanical properties,
hardness, and toughness of the alloy material.
Water Quench: (Up to 2250°F) & Tempering: (350
- 1200°F)
Forced-Air Quench: (Up to 2250°F) & Tempering:
(350 - 1200°F)
Still-Air Quench: (Up to 2250°F) & Tempering: (350
- 1200°F)
Age Hardening: (300 - 1400°F)
QUENCHING (Up to 2250°F)
Quenching via water-quench, oil-quench, forced- or still-air
quench results in improved mechanical properties, hardness, and toughness
of the alloy material.
Water Quench: (Up to 2250°F)
Oil Quench: (Up to 2250°F)
Forced-Air Quench: (Up to 2250°F)
Still-Air Quench: (Up to 2250°F)
Selective Quench: (Up to 2250°F)
Time-Controlled Quench: (Up to 2250°F)
