HEAT TREATING PROCESSES
ANNEALING
(300 - 2250°F)
The
purpose for this treatment is to remove stresses or soften the material
for improved machinability or formability, or alter the physical or
mechanical properties, or produce a defined structure, or produce a
solid-solution for subsequent age-hardening or precipitation-hardening.
Process Anneal: (500 - 1400°F)
Subcritical Anneal: (500 - 1400°F)
Intercritical Anneal: (1335 - 1600°F)
Intermediate Anneal: (500 - 1400°F)
Recovery Anneal: (300 - 1000°F)
Recrystallization Anneal: (330 - 1450°F)
Isothermal Anneal: (1300 - 1650°F)
Spheroidize Anneal: (1200 - 1400°F)
Full Anneal: (650 - 1650°F)
Solution Anneal: (900 - 2250°F)
TEMPERING (350 - 1250°F)
Tempering
usually follows a quenching operation. This treatment is generally considered
effective in relieving stresses induced by quenching in addition to
lowering hardness to within a specified range, or meeting certain mechanical
property requirements.
STRESS
RELIEVING (300 - 1400°F)
Thermal
Stress Relieving is generally applied to metallic materials that have
been cold-worked, machined, flame-cut, or weld-fabricated to reduce
residual stresses for dimensional stability or reduced risk of premature
service failure.
ASME Section I: (900 - 1300°F)
ASME Section VIII: (900 - 1300°F)
AWS D1.1: (900 - 1200°F)
Westinghouse 83030QA: (1175°F ± 25°F)
General Electric P8A-AG1, P10G-AL-0003 & -0004:
(1125 - 1275°F, 1125 - 1200°F, and 1250 - 1300°F)
Standard Stress Relieve: (1100 - 1200°F)
Low Temperature Stress Relieve: (325 - 775°F)
NORMALIZING (1600 - 1800°F)
Normalizing
is generally applied to enhance the uniformity of the material microstructure
by refining the grain size. This treatment will in some instances improve
machinability and machine finish. This treatment is sometimes used as
precursor to subsequent surface hardening to improve response to hardening,
or to provide a desirable base substrate hardness.
HARDENING (up to 2250°F)
Hardening
via water-quench, oil-quench, forced- or still-air quench, or aging
results in improved mechanical properties, hardness, and toughness of
the alloy material.
Water Quench: (Up to 2250°F) & Tempering: (350
- 1200°F)
Forced-Air Quench: (Up to 2250°F) & Tempering:
(350 - 1200°F)
Still-Air Quench: (Up to 2250°F) & Tempering:
(350 - 1200°F)
Age Hardening: (300 - 1400°F)
QUENCHING (Up to 2250°F)
Quenching
via water-quench, oil-quench, forced- or still-air quench results in
improved mechanical properties, hardness, and toughness of the alloy
material.
Water Quench: (Up to 2250°F)
Oil Quench: (Up to 2250°F)
Forced-Air Quench: (Up to 2250°F)
Still-Air Quench: (Up to 2250°F)
Selective Quench: (Up to 2250°F)
Time-Controlled Quench: (Up to 2250°F)
